The following is a guest post from Georgetown medical student Claire Daniels, who visited Mokhotlong for several weeks in April. With a focus on child health, she spent much of her time at the Mokhotlong Government Hospital, in the TTL Safe Home, and on Outreach visits, where she learned about how Basotho culture impacts child health.
As a medical student, I have had a lot of practice reporting information, however, attempting to interpret these findings is a much more difficult task. Our mentors are always challenging us to reflect on problems and decide on a best course of management. During my stay in Lesotho, I have enjoyed collecting stories and observing interactions, eventually piecing together how the community functions in Mokhotlong and how TTL has found its home in this community. But reflecting and considering how to affect change has been difficult. I find myself frozen — looking through the lens of life in the United States, when I should be looking through the perspective of the Basotho and their needs.
One thing is learned quickly was that the Basotho do not need much. Life here is simple in that almost every action is geared towards survival. Still, death is a big part of their lives, especially when one in five people suffer from HIV and the closest intensive care unit is a bumpy 5 hours away by ambulance. The paucity of medical and nutritional resources has been jarring, and I have found it hard to accept these realities. In contrast, the Basotho recognize the limits of medicine every day, and carry on in whatever ways they can.
When there is no oxygen for a child in respiratory distress, the mom will swaddle the baby on her back to keep him calm and focused on his breathing. When there are no medications to treat the child’s tuberculosis, the mom will turn to a trusted home cough remedy and will walk miles to the clinic each day to see if a shipment has arrived. Mothers are the backbone of this community and a worthy target for development strategies.
To invest in a mother is to invest in her children.
TTL and healthcare workers understand the mother’s central role in the household, and make it a priority to empower these women. However, I have noticed that they face countless barriers in this process.
First of all, communication can be difficult, as English literacy is not commonly encountered. The physicians we have worked with at Mokhotlong General Hospital all from the Democratic Republic of Congo and accepted their positions without speaking any Sesotho. They recognize this weakness and have translators available for outpatient clinics and nurses to translate during bedside rounds. I was relieved to see that the caregiver is given a chance to express her concerns and ask questions about the child’s health.
Secondly, the medical team faces the challenge of explaining complex problems to caregivers that often haven’t finished secondary school. Education is the greatest resource that medical professionals can offer here in Lesotho. There are many families still participating in traditional medicine and waiting to seek medical attention until the condition is too grave to be managed in Mokhotlong. Simple solutions empower caregivers such as the addition of the recipe and instructions for oral rehydration therapy that have been added to the child’s health record or “bukana.”
Finally, there is a disconnect between the availability of supportive services and the implementation of these services. In the hospital, we have made referrals to social workers, child development support, psychiatric support, and nutritional support with TTL. It would be prudent to assign an advocate to each child with special needs in order to help the family navigate this complicated network.
Every day in the hospital we identify a child who could benefit from nutritional support by TTL. The most common cause of admission to the pediatric ward is malnutrition. The hospital manages these children acutely with blood work, vitamin supplementation, antibiotics, and feeding with a nutrient-dense milk based formula they call “F75.”
Even after the children start to gain weight and the edema of their extremities disappears, they still have a long way to go. These children may be 18 months old and only been fed breast milk or formula. They have to learn to eat solids, use a fork, drink from a cup, and do all the other things a healthy child their age would do. They cannot afford to stay in the hospital for weeks or months to reach these goals — which is where the TTL Safe Home comes in.
Here the child is put on a regimented feeding schedule and watched closely for weight gain and developmental progress. It is amazing how quickly they develop skills when they have this newfound energy to explore. My favorite part to watch is how the children in the safe home learn to play and communicate with each other.
We have had only a quick glimpse into the healing process, but through Outreach visits with TTL and sorting through detailed records kept on these children, it is clear that that the road to recovery is a long one-paved by many helping hands. It seems to me that the hardest part of being a caregiver would be to admit that you cannot provide for your child. Asking for help is not easy, but TTL has managed to gain the trust of communities and create a culture for supporting each other.
The TTLF Fellow is a representative of the North American organisation The Tiny Lives Foundation. Based for one year in Mokhotlong, Lesotho, the TTLF Fellow serves in an administrative support capacity for the Basotho charity TTL.
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